EPO and Alzheimer disease: Having been considered, synthetic drug nanoformulations such as nicotinamide, erythropoietin, donepezil, galantamine, memantine, clioquinol, rivastigmine, estradiol, bFGF, and tarenflurbil have demonstrated a variety of effects on AD by promoting neurogenesis, enhancing bioavailability, decreasing protein aggregation, and reducing dysregulated inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress.