VEGFA and head and neck cancer: Some of the mechanisms through which EECG has an anticancer effect include acetylation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) includes promoting apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells, lowering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in esophageal squamous cells, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) with caspase-3 activation, and modifying β-catenin activity to inhibit the proliferation of head and neck cancer cells [185,186,187].