The downstream effects of P2X7R activation extend beyond NLRP3-mediated pro-inflammatory IL-1β and IL-18 release [10,26,27,28,29]; the receptor is also implicated in various processes associated with depression and anxiety, including disrupted monoaminergic neurotransmission, heightened glutamatergic transmission, and reduced neuroplasticity [30]. Here, IL1B is linked to depressive symptom measurement.