VANGL2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Specifically, we demonstrated that T1D rats showed altered blood–testis barrier (BTB) integrity, as highlighted by the dysregulated expression and localization of several markers, including Van Gogh-like protein 2 (VANGL2), a planar cell polarity protein that modulates the distribution of actin and MTs elements in SCs cytoplasm [36,37,38].