The WB analysis showed that K-TUB and ATAT1 protein levels in T1D animals were lower as compared to the controls (p < 0.05, and p < 0.01, respectively; Figure 7A); on the contrary, the HDAC6 protein level appeared to be higher in T1D sperm as compared to the controls (p < 0.01). Here, ATAT1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.