SOST and chronic kidney disease: In comparison with patients with low arterial stiffness, the serum sclerostin levels were determined to be higher in multiple clinical cohorts with high arterial stiffness, including renal transplantation recipients (brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity [baPWV] >14.0 m/s) (p = 0.001) [42], postmenopausal women (carotid-femoral PWV [cfPWV] > 9 m/s) (p = 0.03) [43], hypertensive patients (cfPWV > 10 m/s) (p < 0.001) [44], end-stage renal disease patients (cfPWV > 10 m/s) (p = 0.0001) [45], and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (cfPWV > 10 m/s) (p < 0.001) [46].