Studies in animal models of obesity and metabolic dysregulation have shown that Bilophila induces the expression of inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ and IL-6, in various tissues as well as LBP (lipopolysaccharide binding protein), A-SAA (SAA acute-phase reactant serum amyloid A), TNF-α, and IL-6 in serum (Figure 4) [148,149]. Here, LBP is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.