Conventional predictors such as advanced age, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index, CCI), nutritional deficiencies (hypoalbuminemia), and cardiovascular biomarkers (N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide NT-proBNP) are established indicators of poor outcomes following surgery [5,6,7]. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is Hypoalbuminemia.