Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases vascular permeability and stimulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration, and its upregulation in LSCC correlates with dysplasia progression, local recurrence, metastasis, and shorter disease-free survival, though some studies find no significant association [126,150,179,180,181,182]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is dysplasia.