GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Distinct pharmacological mechanisms, such as insuCRISPlin replacement, hypoglycemic agents, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, have been developed, and a variety of commercial medicines have been the widely adopted for type II diabetes patients.