INS and diabetes mellitus: DF consumption plays an important role in decreasing intestinal transit time and increasing stool bulk, reducing blood total and/or LDL cholesterol levels and consequently reducing the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, reducing post-prandial blood glucose and/or insulin levels and consequently managing diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity, decreasing body weight gain, and being fermentable by colonic microflora with all the benefits of positive gut microbiota modulation [14,15,16].