Because the microglia of Abcd1-KO mice, unlike normal microglia, cannot prevent the effects of low doses of C26:0-lysophosphatidylcholine on axonal degeneration, the authors hypothesized that VLCFAs might exert toxic effects on X-ALD patients’ microglia, which may hamper phagocytosis and other functions. The gene discussed is ABCD1; the disease is X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.