These authors investigated the occurrence and severity of EPI in untreated pediatric CD and after a GFD period, by using a secretin–cerulean test (which consists in measuring the duodenal concentration of bicarbonate and enzymatic activity of lipase, phospholipase, and chymotrypsin, after an intravenous injection of secretin and cerulean) and also by evaluating the fecal chymotrypsin concentration. This evidence concerns the gene SCT and Cowden disease.