Individuals with OSA or overlap syndrome (OS), defined as the coexistence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and sleep apnea, exhibit higher levels of inflammatory markers, such as hs-CRP, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), compared to those with OSA alone. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is sleep apnea syndrome.