INS and Hyperglycemia: Direct tasks include frequent monitoring of glucose levels, injecting insulin through an insulin-pen or insulin pump (while taking into account a range of key factors such as food intake, physical activity level, ambient temperature, illness-factors such as fever or vomiting, quality and duration of sleep and emotional stress levels), and recognising and self-treating hypo- or hyperglycaemia (low or high glucose levels, respectively) [19].