Among the measured cytokines, MIP-1 alpha/CCL3, MIP-1 beta/CCL4, IFN-gamma, and interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1beta/IL-1F2, IL-17/IL-17A, and IL-12p70) exhibited increased expression in PCa patients. Here, IL6 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.