In vivo, tumors from nude mice injected with PDA cells and treated with a combination of curcumin and gemcitabine showed significant reductions in volume, Ki-67 proliferation index, NF-κB activation, and expression of NF-κB–regulated gene products (cyclin D1, c-myc, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1, cyclooxygenase-2, matrix metalloproteinase, and vascular endothelial growth factor) compared with tumors from control mice treated with olive oil only [168]. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is Patent ductus arteriosus.