TNF and neoplasm: The main TNF-producing cells are monocytes, macrophages, and T lymphocytes [38]; in addition, it is secreted by B lymphocytes [39], mast cells [40], polymorphonuclear leukocytes [41], erythroblasts [42], keratinocytes [43], astrocytes and microglial cells [44], smooth muscle cells [45], Paneth intestinal cells [46], tumor cells and tumor microenvironment cells [38,47], and mesangial cells [48].