TA has been found to exhibit a potential role in IL-1β-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), by preventing IL-1β–IL-1R1 interactions and inhibiting IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6, Tnfα, and PGE2, as well as IL-1β-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and NF-κB activation in human OA chondrocytes. Here, TNF is linked to osteoarthritis.