PARP1 and breast cancer: In MCF-7, MCF-10A, HMEC, and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells, HSP (20–200μM) was found to increase ROS production, cyto-C release, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, PARP cleavage, caspase-9, -3, -7, JNK, and sk1 activation, in addition to the activation of the ASK1/JNK pathway [146].