Furthermore, in vitro studies on lung cancer cells revealed elevated ROS and caspase-3 levels by SA, resulting in cytotoxicity and apoptosis, while lung cancer in vivo studies exhibited a reduction in IgG and IgM, leucocytic count, and tumour markers, with improved phagocytic activity and enzymes involved in antioxidant defence [279]. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is lung carcinoma.