Therefore, these data suggest that oxidative stress-related ROS overproduction (including H2O2, superoxide, and/or other oxidative stress-related molecules) is a key factor to induce REST overexpression in AVG neurons, which subsequently results in the down-regulation of N-type Ca2+ channel expression/activation and neuronal excitability of AVG neurons in T2DM. This evidence concerns the gene REST and type 2 diabetes mellitus.