AKT1 and Insulin resistance: Subacute PM2.5 exposure caused insulin resistance through OS, inflammation and the inhibition of the Phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Protein Kinase B (PI3K-AKT) signaling pathway, as evidenced by increased glucose levels in cell supernatants, and elevated insulin levels in parallel to impaired intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test in mice; PM2.5 increased OS (ROS, cytochrome P450 2E1 and MDA), and reduced SOD 1/2 and silent information regulator 1.