NFE2L2 and Intervertebral disk degeneration: While Eng’s anti-inflammatory effects have been documented in intervertebral disc degeneration (via NF-κB/MAPK suppression [18]) and Alzheimer’s disease (through Nrf2 activation [17]), our work provides the first evidence of its AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α axis activation in IBD.