Intriguingly, karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1) has been shown to associate to PD-L1 and mediate its translocation to the nucleus, where it cooperated with specificity protein 1 (SP1) to transactivate growth arrest specific 6 (GAS6) transcription, leading to enhanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation [107] (Table 1). Here, SP1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.