Elevated BICC1 expression might affect immune cell infiltration and was shown to correlate with oncogenic pathways like EMT, TNFα/NF-kB and TGF-β signalling, which might underlie the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients that express high levels of BICC1 in their tumours [179]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.