ACE and atrial fibrillation: Supportive care measures—diuretics (Class I, Level C), withholding β-blockers/ACE inhibitors in hypotensive restrictive physiology (Class IIb, Level C) and anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation or atrial dysfunction (Class I, Level C)—are drawn from the ESC heart failure and atrial fibrillation guidelines [73,102,103].