There is a cumulative risk associated with the traditional risk factors for CKD, including hypertension and diabetes, as well as factors related to CKD-MBD, such as serum levels of the Klotho protein, serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and vitamin D. Additionally, inflammatory factors like VEGF and TGF-β also influence mortality. Here, VEGFA is linked to Marchiafava-Bignami disease.