Vaitkiene P et al. used custom human protein antibody arrays, including 10 proteins—angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), amphiregulin (AREG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10/CXCL10), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2), neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1), osteopontin (OPN), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFβ1), and tissue inhibitor-1 of metalloproteinases (TIMP1)—from 59 patients’ samples with astrocytoma and 43 control blood sera. Here, NCAM1 is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).