In the CKiD cohort study, plasma kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR1), and TNFR2, as well as urine epidermal growth factor (EGF), KIM-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), are independently linked to CKD progression [109]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and chronic kidney disease.