CD8A and neoplasm: For instance, Somayeh Ashrafi et al. reported that the combination of propranolol with a tumor vaccine suppresses tumor growth by modulating cytokine patterns within the tumor microenvironment [49]; Clara Daher et al. also demonstrated that propranolol can strongly improve the efficacy of an antitumor STxBE7 vaccine by enhancing the frequency of CD8+ T lymphocytes infiltrating the tumor (TIL) [46].