Thus, our study not only uncovers a novel role of TGF-β1 signaling in the pathophysiology and behavioral abnormalities of AngII-related hypertension but also highlights the potential of targeting TGF-β1 as a therapeutic strategy for treating hypertension-related cognitive deficits besides hippocampal hypoperfusion. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is hypertensive disorder.