ARG1 and endothelial dysfunction: However, it is noteworthy that Arg1 in endothelial cells has been shown to participate in inducing endothelial dysfunction.75,76 Future studies should employ cell-specific knockout models and functional assays to further elucidate the mechanisms by which Arg1 in endothelial cells influences vascular dysfunction, as well as the synergistic effects of endothelial-VSMC interactions in vascular dysfunction.