ADNP and brain ischemia: Since ADNP expression could be upregulated by PAC1R activation by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), and the activation of this signaling pathway has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia and hemorrhagic injury,22–24 we examined PAC1R expression in hippocampal homogenates and MLRs-containing subcellular fractions.