Currently, traditional biomarkers for lung cancer identification, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) are commonly utilized.38,39 However, the limited performance in the early-stage lung cancer with sensitivity around 0.6 hindered accurate detection, consequently raising the necessity of exploring novel biomarkers to offer new insights into the early diagnosis of lung cancer.40 Here, MUC16 is linked to lung cancer.