Notably, high ROS levels often induce an immunosuppressive environment that promotes cancer proliferation by enhancing the proliferation, differentiation, and recruitment of immunosuppressive cells to the tumor microenvironment, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and collectively leading to the suppression of NK cells and CTLs through direct ROS-induced damage and the release of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β [116,117]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.