In lung macrophages and neutrophils, NOX2-driven ROS generation plays a dual role: aiding in pathogen defense while contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [9,40,41,42,43,44]. This evidence concerns the gene CYBB and pulmonary fibrosis.