Table 2 shows the most FDR-significant metabolites. Phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), phosphatidylinositols (PIs), and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) exhibited strong correlations with insulin resistance. In contrast, all plasmalogens and sphingomyelins consistently demonstrated significant positive associations with insulin sensitivity. Additionally, sex-specific analyses were conducted for both men and women, yielding similar results (see Supplementary Tables S1 and S2). Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.