In brief, tissues from male patients and heavy smokers contained a higher abundance of CD8+FoxP3+ cells; compared to adenocarcinomas, the density of CD8+FoxP3+PD-L1− cells was higher in the tumor areas of non-adenocarcinomas; and, compared to stage IV tumors, the density of CD8+FoxP3+ cells was higher in stage IIIB/IIIC tumors (Figure S5). Here, FOXP3 is linked to neoplasm.