The total BAL cells (Fig. 4C) and BAL neutrophils (Fig. 4D) were significantly increased in the S. aureus vehicle-treated group compared to mock infection; however, infected groups treated with either PD0325901 or ATR-002 were not significantly different from mock-infected or the S. aureus vehicle-treated groups, indicating a potential moderate anti-inflammatory effect from MEK1/2 inhibitor treatments at this early time point. This evidence concerns the gene MAP2K1 and infection.