TNF and ischemia: Koç et al.32 observed, in a gastric ischemia-reperfusion model, that sugammadex suppressed levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, reduced myeloperoxidase activity-a lysosomal enzyme secreted by leukocytes in response to oxidative stress-and prevented the decline in total GSH levels as a result of ischemia-reperfusion injury.