In particular, the risk of COPD was found to be decreased by NPNT, STAR5, al-Antitrypsin, IL-17RD, IL-1Ra, GOLM1, and SNX1, and to be increased by KLC1, Plasminogen, MSP, Angiostatin, sTie-1, PILRA isoform FDF03-deltaTM, PILRA isoform FDF03-M14, Cathepsin H, MMP12, ASM, and COAA1. This evidence concerns the gene PILRA and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.