GFAP and diabetes mellitus: The multivariate model, adjusted for demographic characteristics and p < 0.1 in the univariate analysis, identified 3 significant and independent predictors of PSCI: advancing age (OR 1.03, 95% CI, 1.00–1.06, p = 0.035), pre-existing diabetes (OR 3.71, 95% CI, 2.02–6.84, p = 0.001), and elevated GFAP concentrations (per 1-unit increase, OR 3.906, 95% CI, 2.24–6.82, p = 0.001).