Additionally, the correlation with selected ICIs demonstrated a significant correlation between LRGs with ICI markers including, PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, except for ALB. Moreover, Single-Sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) confirmed that the MKI67 and RACGAP1 are significantly associated with lactylation-related pathways, which are crucial in cancer development (71). This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and cancer.