Although programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered potential predictive biomarkers for neoadjuvant immunotherapy efficacy, the absence of standardized PD-L1 diagnostic criteria and the limited clinical implementation of TILs assessment currently restrict their overall utility (12–15). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.