Neutrophil infiltration is mediated by CXCL1 and CXCL8 (27, 28), Neutrophils can secrete IL-17 to promote the activation of hepatic stellate cells in HF (19, 29), and in IBD, they can produce IL-1 and IL-22, exacerbating intestinal inflammatory responses (21). Here, CXCL1 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.