IRF1 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Furthermore, individual-level measured IRF1 expression was associated with reduced ARDS risk (OR = 0.58, P = 8.67 × 10−4), and improved overall survival in ARDS patients (hazard ratio [HR28-day] = 0.49, P = 0.009) and sepsis patients (HR28-day = 0.76, P = 0.008).