HLA-F and acute respiratory distress syndrome: In particular, HLA-F, an MHC class I gene, was significantly associated with all outcomes, including acute physiological severity (β = −5.23, 95% CI: −8.42 to −2.04, P = 0.002), ARDS risk (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.80, P = 0.001), and both 28- and 60-day survival of ARDS patients (HR28-day = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.69, P = 8.23×10−4; HR60-day = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.30 to 0.77, P = 0.002) (Fig. 3C; Supplementary Table 6).