In S-LAM, the median VEGF-D level is 1371pg/ml (794.0-2512pg/ml), whilst in TSC-LAM, the median VEGF-D level is 2315pg/ml (1190-4304pg/ml), significantly different from it in S-LAM (P<0.0001). Here, VEGFD is linked to lymphangioleiomyomatosis.