GNPDA1 and liver cancer: Glucosamine-6-phosphate isomerase 1 (GNPDA1) belongs to the glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase family and serves as a key enzyme linking hexosamine metabolism to the glycolytic pathway.[10] It facilitates the breakdown of hexosamine derived from glycolipids, glycoproteins, and sialic acid into phosphate sugars, which serve as an energy source for tumor cells.[11] High expression of GNPDA1 has been observed in various cancers, including liver cancer,[11] pancreatic cancer[12] and colorectal cancer.