Septic shock-like serum PCT elevation (>100 ng/mL) without evidence of sepsis or septic shock was reported in one case of primary liver cancer, in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma and end-stage liver cirrhosis.[35] To our knowledge, this is the first report of a non-septic, non-HCC liver cancer patient with highly elevated sepsis markers, usually observed only in ICU patients with septic shock. This evidence concerns the gene CALCA and hepatocellular carcinoma.