TNF and psoriasis: Both atherosclerosis and psoriasis share numerous overlapping inflammatory pathways, such as systemic and local immune responses, as well as the activation of chemokines and cytokines, including S100 calcium-binding protein (S100) A8/A9, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-12/17A, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).[4]