All three tumor models exhibited cachexia symptoms of reduced body weight, grip strength, muscle mass and type 2a fibers and increased expression of cachexia markers at 3–4 weeks after tumor implantation (Extended Data Fig. 2a–i for CT26, Extended Data Fig. 2j–p for LLC1 and Extended Data Fig. 3a–g for B16F10). This evidence concerns the gene DDX53 and Cachexia.