NRP1 and gastric cancer: Previous research has shown that NRP-1 is a well-established co-receptor on cell surfaces that interacts with other receptor tyrosine kinases and plays a crucial role in the progression of various diseases, including its interaction with c-Met in colorectal cancer, the epidermal growth factor receptor in gastric cancer, and VEGFR2 and PDGFR in liver fibrosis [17, 18, 37, 38].